• Dot Matrix Font Microsoft Word
• Dot Matrix Font For Microsoft Word

This book is about the Math Builder (officially called as Equation Editor) tool in Microsoft Word and Outlook 2007 and higher. It also applies to Microsoft PowerPoint and Excel 2010 and higher. Note that this is a different tool than the legacy tool Equation Editor 3.0 (which is still available on 32-bit Office versions until the January 2018 update^[1]) and MathType.

Typesetting mathematics on a computer has always been a challenge. The mathematical community almost universally accepts a typesetting language called LaTeX. Math Builder is a much easier to use tool that has less functionality than LaTeX but more than typical document processing. Microsoft call this hybrid language the Office Math Markup Language, or OMML for short. It is an appropriate tool for:

• Typing any document whose focus is not itself mathematics.
• Typing a short math document quickly.
• A stepping stone between word processing (MS Word) and typesetting (LaTeX)

Note that Math Builder does not perform any mathematics; it is a tool for displaying it.

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Pros and Cons[edit]

Over 30 font encoders, macros & plug-ins for easy integration, with examples for FileMaker®, Microsoft® Word, Excel, Access and SAP® Crystal Reports. Contains over 60 different Code 39 font versions for optimal compatibility with normal, human-readable, dot matrix, extended and symbol and space saving narrow versions. Microsoft Word has two different typing environments: text and math. To obtain the math environment, click on 'Equation' on the 'Insert' ribbon on Windows or Word for Mac '16, or in 'Document Elements' on Word for Mac '11. The keyboard shortcut is 'alt'+ '='. For a Mac system, the shortcut is control + '='. DOT is a graph description language. DOT graphs are typically files with the filename extension gv or dot. The extension gv is preferred, to avoid confusion with the extension dot used by versions of Microsoft Word before 2007. Various programs can process DOT files. Microsoft Research Alumni Network. If you were formerly an employee or intern at Microsoft Research, join the newly formed LinkedIn Microsoft Research Alumni Network group. Share, reconnect and network with colleagues who were and are pivotal to driving innovation that empowers every person on the planet.

Pros:

• Math Builder is WYSIWYG: after typing an equation you see immediately what it looks like.
• It's easy to get started: it's already built in to Microsoft Word. Common symbols have point-and-click icons.
• It's easy to use: Common symbols have keyboard shortcuts so that a veteran user need not use a mouse at all.
• Nearly all symbols use the same commands as LaTeX.
• The format used is non-proprietary and given in Unicode Technical Note #28.
• It can be used in Outlook to easily write equations in emails; it renders as images to the recipent.

Cons:

• Some uncommon symbols are not listed in the menu and require knowing the keyboard shortcut. Typically this is the LaTeX code for the symbol.
• There are differences between Math Builder and LaTeX code: advanced functionality that requires more than just a symbol tend to follow the same flavor but have slightly different syntax. Math Builder code tends to be shorter than LaTeX code and disappears upon completion to the WYSIWYG output. Examples here are matrices, multiple aligned equations, and binomial coefficients.
• No LaTeX typesetting tools such as labels and references are implemented.
• No highly advanced LaTeX tools such as graphing, commutative diagrams, or geometric shapes are implemented. (Note:- Geometric shapes are otherwise available in the Insert ribbon)
• Students studying mathematics might not be motivated to learn LaTeX because they might be able to get by with Equation Builder in Word to satisfy the vast majority of their needs. However, when such a student reaches the limits, unlike LaTeX there is absolutely no recourse to expand the program to satisfy it.

Inserting an equation[edit]

Microsoft Word has two different typing environments: text and math. To obtain the math environment, click on 'Equation' on the 'Insert' ribbon on Windows or Word for Mac '16, or in 'Document Elements' on Word for Mac '11. The keyboard shortcut is 'alt'+ '='. For a Mac system, the shortcut is control + '='. Everything you type in this environment is considered math: all automatic formatting of text is disabled. To exit the math environment, click on any text outside the math environment. One easy way to do this is by pressing the right arrow key.

Common Mathematics[edit]

Fractions[edit]

There are multiple ways to display a fraction. The default is vertically aligned as illustrated below. Obtain this by typing the fraction and pressing space: 1/2

${\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}$

Linear fraction (resp. skewed fraction) is obtained using ldiv (resp. sdiv) and pressing space (twice) or by typing 1 ldiv 2 (resp. 1 sdiv 2) and pressing space. While you can also do this by right-clicking on the equation and clicking Linear, this affects the whole equation and not just the fraction.

${\displaystyle v/p}$

Parenthesis, brackets, and braces[edit]

Grouping symbols will automatically size to the appropriate size. These symbols include '(), {}, [], '. For instance, the expression below can be obtained with (1/2(x+1)):

${\displaystyle \left(\frac{1}{2}(x+1)\right)}$

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Be careful to press space after the '2' to render the fraction, otherwise Word might put 'x+1' in the denominator. Also press space after typing every closing parenthesis ')', which will adjust both the opening and closing parentheses size to fit the group's contents. Because the 1/2 fraction is is quite tall, the outer parentheses need to be adjusted to enclose the fraction appropriately. To be exact, the key presses required to reproduce the equation above are (1/2space(x+1)space)space.

Exponents and subscripts[edit]

Exponents can be obtained by using '^' and subscripts by '_'. The monomial below can be obtained by typing x_2^5 or x^5_2 and pressing space.

${\displaystyle x_2^5}$

Symbols: ${\displaystyle \ne ,\le ,\subseteq ,\vee ,\to ,\Rightarrow }$ etc[edit]

These are all common symbols. The easiest thing to do would be to find a LaTeX reference sheet. A few of those symbols are shown here:

Greek, Script, and Fraktur letters[edit]

The math environment implements 3 fronts in addition to the default.

• Greek letters can be obtained by typing a ' followed by the name of symbol. Capitalizing it creates a capital letter. delta Delta produces ${\displaystyle \delta \mathrm{\Delta }}$
• Script letters can be obtained by typing ' followed by 'script' followed by the letter. scriptd scriptD produces ${\displaystyle \mathcal{d}\mathcal{D}}$
• Fraktur letters can be obtained by typing ' followed by 'fraktur' followed by the letter. Fraktur does not have capitals. frakturd prodouces ${\displaystyle \mathfrak{d}}$

Blackboard Bold letters[edit]

Blackboard bold letters can be obtained by typing ' followed by 'double' followed by the letter. doubled doubleD produces ${\displaystyle \mathbb{d}\mathbb{D}}$

Mathematical Physics[edit]

Vectors[edit]

A vector is often denoted by an overhead right arrow, which can be obtained by following a letter variable with 'vec': ${\displaystyle \overrightarrow{A}}$. Unit vectors (e.g. ${\displaystyle \hat{x}}$) are denoted by a hat (circumflex), which can be obtained by following a letter variable with 'hat'. The gradient (also known as del or nabla) operator ${\displaystyle \mathrm{\nabla }}$ may be displayed using 'nabla'.

Newtonian Dot Notation[edit]

Dot notation for time derivatives (e.g. ${\displaystyle \dot{r},\ddot{r}}$)can be obtained by following a letter variable with 'dot' for a first derivative and 'ddot' for a second derivative.

Vector Products[edit]

The dot product (inner product) can be displayed using the centered dot symbol 'cdot' e.g. the divergence ${\displaystyle \mathrm{\nabla }\cdot A}$. The cross product can be displayed using 'times' e.g. the curl ${\displaystyle \mathrm{\nabla }\times A}$.

Matrices[edit]

Matrices are obtained with the 'matrix' symbol. Use parentheses to start and end the matrix. Use '@' to separate rows, and '&' to separate columns. The matrix below can be created by typing [matrix(1&2&3@4&5&6)].

Multiple Aligned Equations[edit]

Aligning equations can be obtained with the 'eqarray' symbol. Use parentheses to start and end the matrix. Use '@' to separate equations. Use '&' to specify alignment and whitespace. The first '&' and then every other occurrence is alignment. The second and then every other occurrence is white space. The equations below can be obtained by typing the following text:

(The math environment here seems to be adding excess space between the alignments that doesn't occur in Word)

Radicals[edit]

Radicals are obtained using the 'sqrt' symbol, followed by the index, then '&', then the radicand.

For example: sqrt(a&b) will output ${\displaystyle \sqrt[a]{b}}$.

Additionally, sqrt(x) will simply output ${\displaystyle \sqrt{x}}$.

Integrals[edit]

Integrals are obtained by inserting the desired integral symbol (see above table), and then pressing space twice.^[2]

For example: int_a^bspacespace1/xspacedx will output ${\displaystyle \underset{a}{\overset{b}{\int }}\frac{1}{x}dx}$

Inline versus Display[edit]

Equations have two forms. Inline specifies that the equation is to be in line with text. This affects a few expressions to make them appear smaller. For instance fractions will use a smaller font. Summations and integrals will place the endpoints to the right of the symbol instead of below it.Display specifies to use as much space as needed. Display mode equations must appear on their own line.

Modifying and creating shortcuts[edit]

Everything in Math Builder requires special symbols that the computer knows how to interpret. These symbols are constructed with all the commands starting with ' as illustrated in the above sections. This is implemented via math autocorrect which you can modify. For instance, you might like to use ra instead of rightarrow. You can do this by adding the command to the math autocorrect directory.

References[edit]

1. ↑https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Equation-Editor-6eac7d71-3c74-437b-80d3-c7dea24fdf3f
2. ↑Iztok Hozo. 'Using Word 2007’s new equation editor' (in English). Indiana University Northwest. http://iun.edu/~mathiho/useful/word07shortcuts.pdf. Retrieved 06-05-2019.

DOT is a graph description language. DOT graphs are typically files with the filename extensiongv or dot. The extension gv is preferred, to avoid confusion with the extension dot used by versions of Microsoft Word before 2007.^[1]

Various programs can process DOT files. Some, such as dot, neato, twopi, circo, fdp, and sfdp, can read a DOT file and render it in graphical form. Others, such as gvpr, gc, acyclic, ccomps, sccmap, and tred, read DOT files and perform calculations on the represented graph. Finally, others, such as lefty, dotty, and grappa, provide an interactive interface. The GVedit tool combines a text editor with noninteractive image viewer. Most programs are part of the Graphviz package or use it internally.

Syntax[edit]

Graph types[edit]

Undirected graphs[edit]

At its simplest, DOT can be used to describe an undirected graph. An undirected graph shows simple relations between objects, such as friendship between people. The graph keyword is used to begin a new graph, and nodes are described within curly braces. A double-hyphen (--) is used to show relations between the nodes.

Directed graphs[edit]

Similar to undirected graphs, DOT can describe directed graphs, such as flowcharts and dependency trees. The syntax is the same as for undirected graphs, except the digraph keyword is used to begin the graph, and an arrow (->) is used to show relationships between nodes.

Attributes[edit]

Various attributes can be applied to graphs, nodes and edges in DOT files. ^[2] These attributes can control aspects such as color, shape, and line styles. For nodes and edges, one or more attribute–value pairs are placed in square brackets ([]) after a statement and before the semicolon (which is optional). Graph attributes are specified as direct attribute–value pairs under the graph element, where multiple attributes are separated by a comma or using multiple sets of square brackets, while node attributes are placed after a statement containing only the name of the node, but not the relations between the dots.

HTML-like labels are only available on versions of Graphviz that are newer than mid-November 2003, in particular, they are not considered as part of release 1.10.^[3]

Comments[edit]

Dot supports C and C++ style single line and multiple line comments. In addition, it ignores lines with a number sign symbol (#) as their first character.

A simple example[edit]

Following is an example script that describes the bonding structure of an ethane molecule. This is an undirected graph and contains node attributes as explained above.

Layout programs[edit]

The DOT language defines a graph, but does not provide facilities for rendering the graph. There are several programs that can be used to render, view, and manipulate graphs in the DOT language:

General[edit]

• Graphviz – a collection of libraries and utilities to manipulate and render graphs

JavaScript[edit]

• Canviz – a JavaScript library for rendering DOT files^[4]
• d3-graphviz – a JavaScript library based on Viz.js and D3.js that renders DOT graphs and supports animated transitions between graphs and interactive graph manipulation^[5]
• Vis.js – a JavaScript library that accept DOT as input for network graphs.^[6]
• Viz.js – a JavaScript port of Graphviz that provides a simple wrapper for using it in the browser.
• hpcc-js/wasm Graphviz – a fast WASM library for Graphviz similar to Viz.js^[7]

Java[edit]

• Gephi – an interactive visualization and exploration platform for all kinds of networks and complex systems, dynamic and hierarchical graphs
• Grappa – a partial port of Graphviz to Java
• graphviz-java – an open source partial port of Graphviz to Java available from github.com
• ZGRViewer – a DOT viewer^[8]

Other[edit]

• Beluging – a Python- & Google Cloud Platform-based viewer of DOT and Beluga extensions
• dot2tex – a program to convert files from DOT to PGF/TikZ or PSTricks, both of which are rendered in LaTeX^[9]
• OmniGraffle – a digital illustration application for macOS that can import a subset of DOT, producing an editable document (but the result cannot be exported back to DOT)
• Tulip – a software framework in C++ that can import DOT files for analysis^[10]
• VizierFX – an Apache Flex graph rendering library in ActionScript^[11]

Limitations[edit]

It is possible to specify layout details with DOT, although not all tools that implement the DOT language pay attention to the position attributes. Thus, depending on the tools used, users must rely on automated layout algorithms (potentially resulting in unexpected output) or tediously hand-positioned nodes.

For example:

There are two problems in the image titled 'An image that seems improperly rendered'. The square on the right is not a perfect square and some labels are not next to the related arrow ((g o f)') and some overlap the arrows.

This can be fixed with Inkscape or other SVG editors. In some cases, this can also be fixed by using the pos attribute to specify a position, and the weight attribute to square the graph.

See also[edit]

• lisp2dot tool to convert Lisp programming language-like program trees to DOT language. Designed for use with genetic programming.

Notes[edit]

1. ^'File extension .dot or .gv?'. marc.info. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
2. ^'Node, Edge and Graph Attributes'. graphviz.org. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
3. ^'Node Shapes: HTML-Like Labels'. graphviz.org. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
4. ^'canviz: graphviz on a canvas'. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
5. ^'GitHub - magjac/d3-graphviz: Graphviz DOT rendering and animated transitions using D3'. github.com. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
6. ^'Import data in DOT language'. vis.js. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
7. ^'hpcc-js/wasm'. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
8. ^'ZGRViewer'. zvtm.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
9. ^'dot2tex – A Graphviz to LaTeX converter'. dot2tex.readthedocs.io. 2019-11-01.
10. ^'Data Visualization Software – Tulip'. tulip.labri.fr. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
11. ^'GitHub - gvhung/vizierfx: Automatically exported from code.google.com/p/vizierfx'. github.com. Retrieved 2017-05-12.

External links[edit]

Dot Matrix Font Microsoft Word

• DOT tutorial and specification

Dot Matrix Font For Microsoft Word